How to Speak Shakespearean Verse

We start with a practical approach to an old question: how do you speak Shakespearian verse? Bring Shakespeare to life in the classroom and drama studio with the understanding that Shakespeare wrote his plays in verse. This poetic framework not only gives characters a structured speech pattern but enhanced authority. What Is Verse? Unlike modern plays, Shakespeare and his contemporaries wrote plays in verse. This is a poetic framework that gives characters a structured speech pattern and enhances their authority. Typically, Shakespeare’s verse is written in lines of ten syllables, with an ‘unstress-stress’ pattern. The stress is naturally on the even-numbered syllables. For example, take a look at the first line of Twelfth Night: If mu- / -sic be / the food / of love, / play onba- BUM / ba- BUM / ba- BUM / ba- BUM / ba- BUM However, verse isn’t spoken continuously in Shakespeare’s plays. Generally, characters of higher status speak verse (whether they are magical or aristocratic), especially if they are thinking aloud or expressing their passions. So it would follow that characters of low status don’t speak in verse – they speak in prose. The easiest way to tell whether a speech is written in verse or prose is to look at how the text is presented on the page. Verse doesn’t go to the edge of the page, whereas prose does. This is because of the ten syllables to a line structure. Workshop: Verse Speaking Exercises Choose a lengthy speech by any character in a Shakespeare play and read it aloud whilst walking around. Physically change direction every time you reach a comma, colon or full stop. This will force you to see that each clause in a sentence suggests a new thought or idea for your character.Repeat this exercise, but instead of changing direction, say the words â€Å"comma† and â€Å"full stop† out loud when you get to the punctuation. This exercise helps heighten your awareness of where there is punctuation in your speech and what its purpose is.Using the same text, take a pen and underline what you think are the natural stress words. If you spot an often repeated word, underline that as well. Then practice speaking the text with an emphasis on these key stress words.Using the same speech, speak it aloud forcing yourself to make a physical gesture on every single word. This gesture can be clearly connected to the word (for example a finger point on â€Å"him†) or c an be more abstract. This exercise helps you to value every word in the text, but again it will make you prioritize the correct stresses because you will naturally gesture more when saying keywords. Finally and above all, keep speaking the words aloud and enjoying the physical act of speech. This enjoyment is the key to all good verse speaking. Performance Tips Always use the punctuation in order to discover the natural places to pause or breathe when speaking verse. A common mistake is to always pause for breath at the end of a line. As Shakespeare often writes sentences that go across lines, this tendency to breath at the end of the line will distort the meaning and create an unnatural intonation.Be aware of the natural stress rhythms in the verse but don’t allow them to dominate your delivery of the line. Instead look at the line in its entirety and decide where your stress should go.Listen to the beautiful imagery and poetic elements of the verse and close your eyes when saying the words. Allow the imagery to form pictures in your mind. This will help you find meaning and substance in your lines. If you connect imaginatively with the language, you will naturally speak the words more effectively.Listen carefully to the colliding rhythms and sounds in Shakespeare’s verse. Often repeated words, harmonic sounds, and clashing s ounds help you to understand Shakespeare’s intentions and the motivations of your character.Obviously, use a dictionary if the context doesn’t present you with the meaning of a word you say. Not knowing the meaning of one of your words can be a problem. If you don’t know what it means, the chances are the audience won’t either!

How effective is 99 Cents Only Stores strategy for IT...

http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_laudon_mis_10/62/15945/4081978.cw/index.html How to Analyze a Case Study Hands-on Guide: How to Analyze a Case Study Management Information Systems Tenth Edition provides a number of case studies for you to analyze. Included in these cases are questions to help you understand and analyze the case. You may, however, be assigned other case studies that do not have questions. This Hands-on Guide presents a structured framework to help you analyze such cases as well as the case studies in this text. Knowing how to analyze a case will help you attack virtually any business problem. A case study helps students learn by immersing them in a real-world business scenario where they can act as problem-solvers and†¦show more content†¦To determine if a problem stems from technology factors, examine any issues arising from the organization’s information technology infrastructure: its hardware, software, networks and telecommunications infrastructure, and the management of data in databases or traditional files. Consider also the whether the appropriate management and organizational assets are in place to use this technology effectively. To determine the role of organizational factors, examine any issues arising from the organization’s structure, culture, business processes, work groups, divisions among interest groups, relationships with other organizations, as well as the impact of changes in the organization’s external environment-changes in government regulations, economic conditions, or the actions of competitors, customers, and suppliers. 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Advertising Campaign Peperami Bites

Question: How toDevelop an Advertising Campaign. Answer: Advertising Campaign: Peperami Bites Peprami, a meat snack brand is launching a new type of Peperami snack- Peperami Bites. These are dried sausages shaped likes bites, which can be kept and stored in the fridge. There are ten to fifteen little sausages in each of the Peperami snack bags available in three exciting flavours: BBQ, Original and Hot. The objective of the advertiser can be summed up in the following points: To increase brand awareness within the target market about Peperami Bites, the target audience being young school going kids. To efficiently communicate the benefits of consuming the snack to the customers To increase sales of the snack To give nutritional details about the snack to the customers To enhance the brand image of Peperami To eventually convince the customers to switch brands To build up the confidence level of the organization The advertiser wants its customer to think of nothing else but Peperami Bites when they want to much on a snack in between the meals. They want to portray it as a snack which can have no substitutes. The Campaign has to be planned and implemented within a short span of two months because there is always a threat from the rivals to come up with a similar product to attract customers on its side (Parente et al. 2014). The Peperami product needs to be widely promoted for it falls into the category of FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods). The customers need to know that there exists a snack which promises to help the hunger pangs which hits the active and young school going kids in between meals. A lot of market factors can also influence the advertising campaign such as the political scenario, the customers cultural affluence, competitors, legal constraints and so on. The Advertising campaign of the Pepperoni Bites abides by all these factors. When an advertising campaign is planned, the advertisers have a certain goal in mind as to how the consumers will react. Should they be reminded or informed about the product or should they laugh or shed a tear looking at the advertisement? To appeal to the perception of the consumers, The Peperami Bites Advertising campaign will aim for not only maximise the interest of the people by luring them to read and listen to the advertisements but also fascinate their senses. Another factor that entices the customers towards a brand is the emotional appeal of the advertisements. The Peperami advertisements will be designed in a way to convince the consumers that the brand is in touch with their needs. The image of the brand suggested by its mascot: The Animal is an unconventional, unorthodox one which will evoke a positive response from its customers who are young and enthusiastic, school going fellows. The appeal of the advertisements will be humoristic and far from being politically correct which will connect with its target audience. The Peperami Advertisements are also simple enough for the audience to understand. There are no mixed messages and ambiguities in the advertisements. It clearly says what it wants to. Eat Peperami Bites when you are hungry. The advertisements are also persuading and convincing in nature. Elaborating about all the nutritional facts about the product, the advertisement is especially appealing to the mother of the young adolescents not to be sceptic about the health benefits of the snack. The advertising campaign of Peperami bites adheres to the legal and ethical constraints that are prevalent in Australia. They are purely factual and do not intend to mislead its customers in any way. The advertisements confirm to the Australian Consumer Law, which prohibits deceptive and misleading ads, false representations and unacceptable conduct. The law also strongly stands against bait advertising. The Peperami Advertisements have been designed in a way to confirm and abide by all the guidelines mentioned in the ACL (Davidson 2013). Advertising Budget: The Client profile is of Peperami, a pure meat snack brand. The brand sells separately wrapped pork salamis. The company makes 100% high quality pork sausages made by the kings of Salamis of Ballarat. The salamis are dried fermented sausages which are naturally smoked. The advertising campaign revolves around the launch of a new range of salamis from the same Brand Peprami- Peperami Bites. These are dried sausages shaped likes bites, which can be kept and stored in the fridge. There are ten to fifteen little sausages in each of the Peperami snack bags available in three exciting flavours: BBQ, Original and Hot. The aim of the advertising campaign is to create advertisements and feature them in the most popular mediums like print and televisions to its customers so that they are attracted towards the product and buy them (Moriarty et al. 2014).The objective of the campaign is also to position the brand Peprami as an unconventional and quirky one in the eyes of its target audience which is young school going kids. Keeping in mind that Peperami is launching a new range of snack under its brand name; the goal is to create awareness among the target audience about its new product. The customers are already aware of the brand; therefore, the image of the brand needs to be reassured among the target audience. The theme being: A bit of an animal is unorthodox and apolitical and very much synonymous with the image of the brand. The aim of the advertiser is to convince the audience that they are the only solution they can turn to when their stomachs are growling with hunger. The advertising campaign will feature advertisements which are innovative and enticing to the audience. This will require huge budget allocation from the brand to promote its new line of product- the Peperami bites (Watson et al.2016). The advertisements will run in regular short intervals in television channels to infuse the product and its attributes deep in the mind of its customers and enhance its recall value. The advertisement will be aired in all lifestyle channels with special attention to the ones which are dedicated to young teenagers like ABC kids, Disney XD and Discovery (Australia). The advertisements will also be featured in magazines and newspapers whose target audience are young adolescents like Animania, Historicool, Storybox, etc. This will require a huge budget allocation because the campaign will be an extensive one. Spending profusely in an advertising campaign is a type of investment and should not be considered as expenditure (Kumar and Patra 2012).If the advertisements successfully meet its objectives then no matter how much capital is spent on them, the results will be certainly worth it. The snack industry in Australia is highly competitive. Peperami Bites is going to face competitors from a range of different types and resources from each of their product lines. The Australian snack food industry is also very concentrated with the 50 most popular companies generating 80% of the industry revenues (Aleksandrovs 2014). Peperami Bitess has an edge over its competitors regarding logistics and the efficiency of production. The profitability can be increased by raising the volume of production and lowering the production cost per unit. Although Peperami Bites will be one of a kind in the snack category, it has a lot of substitutes in the Australian market which can prove to be a threat to the brand. The major competitors are Grain waves, Doritos and Red Rock Deli. The rate of new entrants into the industry is also very high considering the competitiveness of the industry. But Peperami Bites is not so prone to this threat since it has high product differentiation within the snack food industry in Australia. Even though the threat of substitutes will be a matter of concern for Peperami Bites, the quality control which the brand maintains and the wide availability of its product across the country lessens the risk. As long as Peperami maintains its quality, it need not worry about the threats from its substitutes. The power of the buyers concerning the given brand Peperami is high. The customers are rational enough to switch to other brands if they get the same kind of product at a better price or quality. In such a scenario, it is imperative on the brand to work constantly towards maintaining its excellent quality which appeals to most to its customers. Another way of retaining its customers is to offer the product at a price much lesser offered by the substitutes. The target audience of Peprami Bites is young adolescents, who due to the high rate of activities throughout the day become tired and look for a fulfilling snack to eat. It is often observed that the brand preference begins with the young people before the buying process. The brand preference among kids depends on two factors- the positive experience of the kids with the brand and their parents liking the brand. Therefore, the advertising campaign of Peperami bites should be mainly directed towards the kids and their parents. While marketing one's products towards kids, the ethical and legal constraints should be kept in mind. The advertising campaign of Peperami Bites adheres to the Legal and ethical codes provided by the Australian Association of National Advertisers which says that advertising directed towards children should be suitable regarding the theme, language and visuals that are used. The campaign has kept all the considerations in mind while designing the advertisements and in no way, they intend to deceive or mislead its target audience. The Advertising budget allocated for the campaign is a flexible one with methods like objectives and task, a unit of sales and percentage of sales method all compiled in one. The adjustments can be made as and per needs of the advertising campaign in its different stages. To ensure a flexible budget, a contingency fund should be there as a backup to deal with special situations. Campaign Schedule The television and print advertisement will run for a minimum span of 60 days so that it effectively reaches its target audience. To ensure that the frequency is effective, the audience should be exposed to at least four advertisements viewing per week. On print advertisements, it should be regularly featured in all the suitable newspapers and magazines dedicated to the target audience, which is in this case, young school going adolescents. The audiovisual version of the advertisement would be regularly running at the prime time and as well as during the afternoon when they get back from school and immediately switch on the television. This will guarantee that the advertisement reaches its target customers. The service providers for the advertising campaign are the media buying agencies which provide the advertisers with the suitable media for their campaign. The campaign managers should form a good rapport with these service providers and ask them for the best deal possible. The service providers can offer best deals regarding the media if the advertising plans are explained to them in a detailed manner. Television channels require much allocation of the budget since they are an expensive media (Shrimp and Andrews 2013).The advertising space and time slot is also concentrated due to the growing industry and exhaustive competition. The service providers choices include featuring advertisements on television and print. These two can prove to be the most effective on the given brand, Peperami Bites. The target customers of the brand are mostly exposed to these two forms of media. The advertising campaign will include airing the Ad in eight channels which cover the lifestyle as well as channels which are solely dedicated to the children, like Disney XD, ABC Kids and Discovery Kids. The campaign will also be carried out in the print media with the print version of the advertisement appearing in the popular newspapers paying special attention to newspapers and magazines dedicate to the younger section of the population. For example, Historicool, Animania,Girl, etc. The advertising campaign is scheduled to run for two months which is an ideal period for an advertisement campaign to ensure that it grabs its customers attention. If a campaign is carried out for more than a span of 45 days, the audience can retain the advertisement in his mind and also recall it later. An advertisement campaign which lasts for more than a span of one and half months ensures that the marketer has shared the information relating to the product or service long enough for the customers to act in the buying process. Running a campaign for more than two months has a probability to lessen the effect on its customers since they become mundane and less significant to the customers. The target audience, in this case, is young adolescents who might get bored of the campaign and switch to other brands. It is crucial for the marketers to measure the effectiveness of the advertisement campaigns to ensure that the main objectives of the advertisement campaign are met. The objectives of the Peperami Bites advertising campaign is to create awareness about its products among the young adolescents and their mother to buy Peperami Bites. The financial objective of the advertisement campaign is to drive the sales force and generate revenues for the company which is more than the budget allocated to the campaign. Since the Peperami brand is an established and a renowned one, introducing a new line of product required a huge budget allocation for the campaign process. The financial effectiveness of the advertising campaign can deem to be positive if it generates desired sales for Peperami Bites. Television Script Brand: Peperami Bites; Title A bit of an animal in every bite. Serial Number Audio Video Duration 01 Teenage boy: Oh my God! I have never been sooooo hungry! Mom is there something to eat? A teenage boy is rushing through the door of his home after school. 05 seconds. 02 Mom: Its only 5.30 in the evening. How do you expect me to prepare lunch so early? Mom comes out of the kitchen. 03 seconds. 03 Peppy instrumental music of the Peperami jingle. Teenage boy raids the fridge and grabs a packet of Peperami bites and starts nibbling on the Peperami chunks. 04 seconds. 04 Mom: Dont tell me you will be having this junk right now! The teenage boys mother is infuriated seeing her son munching on Peperami. 04 seconds. 05 Teenage boy: This is anything but junk mom. It is 100% high quality pork meet; naturally wood smoked with a bit of an animal in every bite. Imma loving this totally mom! You must keep a stock of it at home. A teenage boy is munching and nibbling on Peperami bites taking all his time to enjoy its juicy flavour and explains to his mom the extraordinary taste and nutritional facts about Peperami. 07 seconds. 06 Oh, I did not know all that. I would surely get Peperami bites for my little animal(laughs) Mom comes and sits with the teenage boy on the sofa and shares a bite of the Peperami snack. 04 seconds. 07 Peperami Bites- for that animal in you. A snack is so yummy you can't keep your hands off it. Available in four flavours-original, bbq, fire and hot stick. Peperami brand mascot: The animal- makes an appeal to his customers to buy Peparmi bites in his own, quirky way. 03 seconds. Total duration: 30 seconds. References: Aleksandrovs, M.L., Goos, P., Dens, N. and De Pelsmacker, P., 2015. How Consumers Media Usage Influences the Advertising Media Mix that Maximizes Campaign Recognition. In Advances in Advertising Research (Vol. V) (pp. 307-319). SpringerFachmedien Wiesbaden. Danaher, P.J. and Dagger, T.S., 2013. Comparing the relative effectiveness of advertising channels: A case study of a multimedia blitz campaign.Journal of Marketing Research,50(4), pp.517-534. Davidson, M.P., 2013.The consumerist manifesto: Advertising in postmodern times. Routledge. Kumar, B. and Patra, G., 2012. Marketing Exposure a tool for Effective Advertising Campaign.Journal of Marketing Communication,8(1). Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. Parente, D. and Strausbaugh-Hutchinson, K., 2014. Advertising campaign strategy: a guide to marketing communication plans. Cengage Learning. Shimp, T. and Andrews, J.C., 2013.Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Watson, W.L., Kury, A., Wellard, L., Hughes, C., Dunford, E. and Chapman, K., 2016. Variations in serving sizes of Australian snack foods and confectionery. Appetite, 96, pp.32-37.

Wiped Out! by The Neighbourhood free essay sample

Calling all young angsty teenagers! An album you will relate to has just arrived! This album is called Wiped Out! by a British band known as The Neighbourhood. Most widely known for their song Sweater Weather which peaked #1 for Billboards top 100 for U.S. alternative music. However, this music is quite different from the mellow, yet catchy beat of Sweater Weather. After listening to the album, I can fully confirm that Wiped Out! is one of the greatest masterpieces ever released by The Neighbourhood or any other alternative artist. By far my favorites songs off the album are Single, Cry Baby, and Daddy Issues. I feel as if though these songs, along with many others on the album, provide a story-line to follow throughout the song, and very easily paint a picture in your mind. These songs are also very relatable, giving the listener a way to take the lyrics and position them so they relate to their life in one circumstance or another. We will write a custom essay sample on Wiped Out! by The Neighbourhood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Being an alternative album, it also faces topics such as depression, death, assault and other quite negative topics. However, this isnt such a bad thing, because the music shows that life isnt always perfect and it relates back to so many people who arent content with their lives and are in very uncomfortable positions in their life. This album demonstrates reality and doesnt sugarcoat things at all. This is why I urge everyone to give this album or any songs within it a quick listen, for many will agree with what I said and might actually enjoy listening to it too.

Free Essays on Humans Are Sscared

Humans are scared of what they don’t understand, and so in a way to try and understand the world around them, humans made up gods. Gods are a simple way of answering any question, and humans all throughout history have made up gods and/or supreme beings such as the Greeks did. The ancient Greeks developed a religion and beliefs about the world that we now call Greek Mythology. Mythology is a body of myths for a particular culture, and the study and interpretations of such myths. Myths though can be defined as a narrative that through many retellings has become an accepted tradition in a society. By this mythology may include all traditional tales, such as creation of the world and about the gods that rule the world. One such god was Persephone the queen of the under world, married to Hades the god of the under world. Persephone is the daughter of Demeter (god of agriculture) and Zeus (the king God). She is a very beautiful young girl with pale white skin and blond hair. She is so beautiful that many of the gods wished to have her as their wife. She does not smile much though and is very sorrowful when she is in the underworld with her husband, but she is very happy and joyful when she is on earth with her loving mother Demeter. As I mentioned earlier, mythology is all about myth or stories about the gods. One story that involves Persephone is the story about how she became queen of the underworld. Demeter loved Persephone so dearly that she always had her at her side, and whenever Demeter visited the earth Persephone would follow. She would go about the fields dancing and wherever her light feet touched the ground flowers would emerge. Hades, though, soon noticed her and fell in love with her immediately. He knew though that Demeter would never allow it because she would not be able to bare to part with her dear daughter. Hades though found another way to get her as her wife. He planned to abduct her one-day when she was about d... Free Essays on Humans Are Sscared Free Essays on Humans Are Sscared Humans are scared of what they don’t understand, and so in a way to try and understand the world around them, humans made up gods. Gods are a simple way of answering any question, and humans all throughout history have made up gods and/or supreme beings such as the Greeks did. The ancient Greeks developed a religion and beliefs about the world that we now call Greek Mythology. Mythology is a body of myths for a particular culture, and the study and interpretations of such myths. Myths though can be defined as a narrative that through many retellings has become an accepted tradition in a society. By this mythology may include all traditional tales, such as creation of the world and about the gods that rule the world. One such god was Persephone the queen of the under world, married to Hades the god of the under world. Persephone is the daughter of Demeter (god of agriculture) and Zeus (the king God). She is a very beautiful young girl with pale white skin and blond hair. She is so beautiful that many of the gods wished to have her as their wife. She does not smile much though and is very sorrowful when she is in the underworld with her husband, but she is very happy and joyful when she is on earth with her loving mother Demeter. As I mentioned earlier, mythology is all about myth or stories about the gods. One story that involves Persephone is the story about how she became queen of the underworld. Demeter loved Persephone so dearly that she always had her at her side, and whenever Demeter visited the earth Persephone would follow. She would go about the fields dancing and wherever her light feet touched the ground flowers would emerge. Hades, though, soon noticed her and fell in love with her immediately. He knew though that Demeter would never allow it because she would not be able to bare to part with her dear daughter. Hades though found another way to get her as her wife. He planned to abduct her one-day when she was about d...

Managing Diversity and Equality (human resources) Case Study

Managing Diversity and Equality (human resources) - Case Study Example P 13 to 18) This paper seeks to discuss the new role of the Human Resource element that has emerged in the organisation in terms of managing diversity and equality. This role will be discussed through the use of the following categories: These four categories are most basic to the functioning of the modern day organisation. The human resource or human capital element in the organisation has emerged as one that perpetuates this role at every level of the organisation through an effective integration of personal and organisational goals. (Johnson, 1996. P 13 to 18) The company that will be dealt with in this paper is the Anukul Group. This company basically manufactures exclusive designer furniture, stained glass and patchwork linen. It is a company owned by Dipti Mahapatra in India and has been in the business for close to two decades. Having started in the year 1988, this company started out as a small unit with four tailors and has now gone ahead to become one of the most prestigious names in interior decoration in the state of Orissa. The demand for Dipti's products grew and there was a market for interior decoration. By 1993, Dipti was busy undertaking several turnkey projects for complete furnishing of guest houses, hotels, as well as the Governor's residences in the state of Orissa. Orissa is a small state in the Eastern part of India. ... In 1995, Dipti decided to include custom made designer furniture as well as stained glass art in her product offerings list. By 2000, Dipti became a household name in the small state of Orissa with regular articles on her work in the newspapers and other magazines apart from televised interviews. In the 2006, Dipti decided to move to a bigger city. She moved to Bangalore, but has found that there is a certain amount of stagnation on the business front. Problem Areas: Orissa is a small state in the Eastern part of India. It is cut off from any major development that takes place elsewhere in the country. For this reasons, Dipti wanted to shift. Following are the problems that she has encountered: Lack of teamwork and initiative. Difficulty in managing HR: Dipti does not know the local language and hence she has had a problem with finding employees. Bangalore is a big city and she still needs to cross a variety of learning curves in order to know the market and prospective clients. Entrepreneurial Control System: A control system in organizations largely influences its ability to recognize the social and cultural modes of control within it so as to lay down in clear terms the role of the entrepreneur when it comes to deliberating social control over the employees concerned. (Thompson, 1998) This part of the paper will first of all outline the issues that have been dealt with by Paul M Collier in his Risk and Management Accounting. This will be applied to the case of the Anukul Group. For starters, Collier has identified the role of the entrepreneur as regards the social control he exercises over the employees, as a crucial factor in the control system

Cost of Financial Intermediation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cost of Financial Intermediation - Essay Example The general view among experts in this field is that if administrative authorities are in favor of competition, it will lead to the presence of larger number of players in the banking sector that would automatically lead to lower bank rates as competing bankers will vie with each other to attract customers, and will automatically have to become efficient in their functioning in order to stay afloat in such highly competitive environment. So, the economy as a whole would be able to enjoy efficient banking services coupled with comparatively affordable bank rates. However, if entry in banking sector is strictly regulated, it would result in less competition and might also lead to lesser efficiency and almost certainly higher bank rates as the few banks that would be operating in the finance sector would remain assured of clients as the latter would have no option but to approach these few bankers for finance. It must be repeated, however, that these statutory regulations differ so wide ly between countries and regions that the only plausible method of measuring the impact of such biases and restrictions on bank rates and efficiency would be to consider each instance individually and comparing it with the larger and more generic backdrop of financial efficiency. (Demirg''-Kunt, Laeven and Levine) Impact of net interest margin and overhead expenditures on Cost of intermediation Cost of intermediation is substantially impacted by net interest margin and it would be worthwhile to study in a little more detail as to the exact characteristics and features of net interest margin. Put simply, the net interest margin signifies the income of banks and it consists of the interest a bank earns by lending money to borrowers and the interest it has to pay to its depositors. The exact measure of net interest margin is obtained by dividing the difference between a bank's interest earning and interest expenditure by the volume of interest bearing assets. The net interest margin thus is related to the traditional functions of banking industry - accepting deposits at lower interest rates and lending them at higher rates of interest. The overhead expenditure ratio of a bank is calculated by dividing bank overhead costs by the total assets of the bank. It is but obvious that the more inefficient a bank the higher would be its overhead expenditure ratio. But overhead expenditures are not only dependent on pure operational efficiency of a bank. It also depends on the prevailing market regulations and freedom or otherwise for players to leave or enter the banking sector as and when the desire to do it arises. The degree of freedom of entry or exit is, quite obviously, determined by the statutory or law enacting authorities of the country. It might be worthwhile to mention at this juncture that though freedom of entry and exit primarily determines the extent of competition in the banking sector, there are other equally important issues that determine the ability of the commercial banks to offer credit to potential